Sink targets
StreamingFast Substreams data sinks
A sink is a final destination for data acquired through Substreams. Examples include databases, a Slack channel, or flat file storage. Sinks have a wide range of types and you can route data anywhere you're able to imagine.
StreamingFast provides a few examples, libraries, and tools to assist you when routing blockchain data to sinks.
Databases and flat files are standard storage types however you can pipe Substreams data into other locations required by a new or existing application or architecture.
An important design aspect of Substreams is the decision to rely on protobufs for data packaging and transmission.
Protobufs provide a data-centric, technology stack, non-language specific, and platform-independent approach to using data that is passed from one application to another.
Tip: The platform-independent, data-centric capabilities of protobufs give you the opportunity to package and route data captured by Substreams to other sources, including sinks.
At a low level, Substreams consumes data through a gRPC streaming service. Consumers receive streams of data scoped to a single block as requests are sent.
The first step of having Substreams output consumed by a sink involves the creation of a
map module; whose output type is a protobuf, which is accepted by the sink. The protobuf is populated from Substreams protobuf types representing a transformation of types into a format suitable for loading into sinks.For example, database-like Substreams sinks such as PostgreSQL or MongoDB accept a module's
output of type substreams.database.v1.DatabaseChanges.Tip: Databases are only one type of sink. The sink determines the
output type to be respected.The sink reads the specific protobuf-based data being sent out of Substreams and performs the processing for it. Every sink performs differently regarding the data received, most perform some kind of storage.
The configuration of the storage layer and its requirements are your responsibility. StreamingFast provides documentation for the infrastructure required by various Substreams sinks. Read through the documentation to understand the behavior and requirements for the other sink types.
An understanding of basic Substreams fundamentals is expected before continuing. Learn more about modules in the Substreams documentation.
StreamingFast values external contributions for Substreams sinks. If your team has created a sink, contact the StreamingFast team through Discord so it gets included in the Substreams documentation.
The
substreams-eth-block-meta example demonstrates sinks in action. Check out the source code in the project’s official GitHub repository.StreamingFast provides several tools to assist database persistence for Substreams.
- Key-value-based storage: A command line tool to sync a Substreams to a key-value store -- see tutorial
StreamingFast provides tools allowing you to route blockchain data to a few different types of data storage sinks, or means of importation. StreamingFast sink tools aren’t the only options. Existing applications, databases, and other tools are fed by blockchain data captured by Substreams.
Tip: To get inspiration for writing your own sink study the examples provided by StreamingFast. One example is a database, such as Oracle, lacking Substreams sink tools. Study the PostgreSQL Sink tool and its codebase to understand how to construct your own data-sinking solution.
Protobufs are designed to use for transferring data out of Substreams into the data sink. Protobufs aren’t tied to any particular technology stack or language, enabling you to capture, further process, use and store data provided by Substreams in different capacities.
Note: Through careful design of the Substreams manifest, modules, and protobufs you can craft your output data in a variety of ways. One option, as seen in the PostgreSQL example is through a single
output protobuf. The flexibility of Substreams design however allows for other strategies, including multiple protobufs and modules.You need to examine and account for the format and any requirements of the end environment you want your data routed into. The specifics of how data is ingested by the sink determine the design of the
output from Substreams.Last modified 1mo ago